December 20, 1986

Michael Griffith, a 23-year-old Black man, is hit by a car and killed after a white mob chases him onto a highway in Howard Beach, New York.

December 19, 1865

South Carolina passes law that requires Black “servants” to enter into labor contracts with white “masters” to work from dawn to dusk, and to maintain a “polite” demeanor.

December 18, 1865

Government announces ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for crime.

December 17, 1862

Union General Ulysses S. Grant expels Jewish people from the Tennessee district based on anti-Semitic prejudice but later rescinds the order at President Lincoln’s request.

December 16, 1945

Days after a Black family refuses to leave their white Fontana, California, neighborhood, an explosion destroys their home and kills all four family members.

December 13, 1918

U.S. government declares Indian Sikh man born in Punjab ineligible for U.S. citizenship because he is not a “free white man”; U.S. Supreme Court later affirms U.S. v. Thind.

December 12, 1922

Over 1,000 white people kill Arthur Young in Taylor County, Florida, days after burning Charles Wright to death; both Black men were accused of murder and lynched without trial.