October 31, 1901

In the early morning, on October 31, 1901, a white mob of more than fifty men tightened a noose around the neck of an eighteen-year-old Black man named Silas Esters, dragged him from the LaRue County Jail in Hodgenville, Kentucky, and lynched him.

According to newspaper reports at the time, Mr. Esters had been accused of “coercing” a 15-year-old white boy to commit a crime. However, newspapers reported that Mr. Esters’s alleged offense was “unpunishable by any statute.” Despite having committed no crime, Mr. Esters was arrested by local white police and placed in jail.

During this era of racial terror, law enforcement officers, tasked with protecting the people in their custody, often witnessed or directly participated in deadly mob violence. In this instance, when the white mob arrived at the LaRue County Jail intent on lynching Mr. Esters, the white police officers gave the mob the keys to the jail and made no effort to protect Mr. Esters as he was violently removed and lynched.

After being seized by the mob, newspapers reported that Mr. Esters slipped free and began to run away – but made it only 100 yards before his body was riddled with bullets by the white mob. The mob then placed a noose around his neck, dragged his lifeless body to the courthouse, and swung it from the top steps.

At the time, newspapers reported that Granville Ward and his father, Thomas Ward, were the leaders of this mob. Despite knowing at least two individuals who participated in murdering Mr. Esters, no one was ever held accountable for his lynching. Mr. Esters was one of over 6,500 Black women, men, and children who were documented victims of racial terror lynching in the United States between 1865-1950.

October 30, 1967

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Rev. Ralph Abernathy begin five day jail sentenced in Birmingham, Alabama, for leading civil rights demonstrations.

October 28, 1958

A mob of white men in Monroe, North Carolina, threatens to lynch James Thompson, a nine-year-old Black boy, after a white girl kissed him on the cheek; he is later arrested and jailed for three months.

October 27, 1986

Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 creates a 100-to-1 sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine possession that contributes to mass incarceration of African Americans.

October 26, 1866

Texas passes law providing that Black people cannot testify in court unless the defendant is Black or the crime charged was committed against a Black person.

October 25, 1669

Virginia legislature this week passes law declaring that slave masters shall not be criminally charged when the kill enslaved people who resist authority.

October 24, 2012

U.S. Justice Department sues Meridian, Mississippi, for incarcerating Black and disabled children for dress code violations and talking back to teachers.