A mob of at least 150 unmasked white men lynch a Black man named John Henry James in Albemarle County, Virginia, near Charlottesville.
July 11, 1954
White residents of Indianola, Mississippi, form a White Citizens’ Council to organize and carry out massive resistance to racial integration of public schools.
July 10, 1887
Investigations by grand jury in Hinds County, Mississippi, finds that prisoners in the state’s convict leasing system are worked to death, kept in filthy conditions, and starved.
July 9, 1978
White supremacists wearing Nazi uniforms hold a rally in Chicago’s Marquette Park in front of over 2,000 spectators.
July 8, 1860
A half century after Congress banned importation of enslaved people, Clotilda lands in Mobile, Alabama, as last recorded ship carrying enslaved people to dock in U.S.; Africans aboard later establish Africatown.
July 7, 2013
Center for Investigative Reporting issues findings that the State of California improperly sterilized nearly 150 incarcerated women between 2006 and 2010.
July 6, 2016
Police officer shoots and kills Philando Castille, a 32-year-old Black man, during a traffic stop for a broken taillight in St. Paul, Minnesota, with his fiancee and her four-year-old daughter in the car.
July 5, 2016
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, police officer shoot and kill Alton Sterling, a 37-year-old Black man, while he is pinned to the ground; video of the shooting leads to major protests nationwide.
July 4, 1910
African American boxer Jack Johnson defeats “Great White Hope” Jim Jeffries in what is called the fight of the century; Johnson is later persecuted by government officials.
July 3, 1917
Four days of attacks on African Americans in East St. Louis, Illinois, leave 200 dead and cause 6,000 Black residents to flee the city.