January 1, 1863

President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, abolishing slavery except in non-rebelling or occupied states like Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and parts of Louisiana.

December 30, 1890

This week, the U.S. Army massacres as many as 300 Lakota men, women, and children near Wounded Knee Creek on Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota.

December 29, 1900

Harvard professor Albert Bushnell Hart tells American Historical Association in Detroit, Michigan, that states where lynchings are prevalent should legalize lynching in order to maintain order.

December 28, 1956

Rosa Jordan, a pregnant African American resident of Montgomery, Alabama, is shot in both legs while riding a desegregated bus after the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

December 27, 1835

This week, the Georgia legislature bans Creek Indians from entering the state, except on legal matters while with a respectable white person, and criminalizes hiring or trading with them.

December 25, 1956

Civil Rights leader Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth survives KU Klux Klan bombing of his Birmingham, Alabama home – the first of five attempts on his life over the next seven years.

December 23, 1859

Weeks after John Brown, a white man, is hanged for leading an interracial, armed rebellion against slavery, an abolitionist Boston newspaper praises his bravery and sacrifice.