September 4, 1875

White mobs attack and murder more than 20 Black citizens in Clinton, Mississippi, in a riot that lasts several days and becomes known as the Clinton Massacre.

September 3, 1901

Alabama adopts racist new state constitution that seeks to legalize white supremacy, prohibits interracial marriage, and mandates separate schools for Black and white children.

September 2, 1885

White miners upset about competition for jobs, kill 28 Chinese workers in Rock Springs, Wyoming, causing hundreds to flee and sparking anti-Chinese violence across the West.

September 1, 1884

Superintendent denies Mamie Tape, a Chinese American child, admission to public school in San Francisco this week, saying Chinese Americans are “dangerous to the well-being of the state.”

August 31, 1907

Augustus Freeman “Gus” Hawkins was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was the first African American from California elected to congress and would serve for over half a century. He is known as the author oF Title VII (Equal Employment Section) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978 which he authored with Senator Herbert Humphrey of Minnesota.

August 29, 2005

Hurricane Katrina devastates the U.S. Gulf Coast; the subsequent disaster response is criticized for mistreating many severely impacted Black citizens.

August 28, 1955

Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam, white members of the Klu Klux Klan,abduct 14-year-old Emmett Till from his great-uncle’s cabin in Mississippi and murder him.

August 27, 1960

Segregationists wielding bats and axe handles attack civil rights activists staging a lunch counter sit-in in Jacksonville, Florida.