In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 6000 white transit employees strike after eight Black men begin training as motormen on street cars, a job that had been reserved for white men only.
July 31, 1919
After a Black teenager is killed for drifting into a “white” section of Lake Michigan, Black protests in Chicago are met with white violence and days of riots.
July 30, 1866
White mob attacks Black voters and kills 40 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
July 29, 1917
Newspapers report that, one day earlier, 10,000 African Americans staged a silent march through New York City to protest racial violence in the U.S.
July 28, 1868
Government announces ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, which establishes Black citizenship but allows states to ban voters with criminal convictions, leading to continued racialized disenfranchisement.
July 27, 1967
Detroit Uprising ends; sparked by complaints about police brutality and racial inequality. It left more than 1100 people injured, $40 million in damage, and 33 Black people and 10 white people dead.
July 26, 2016
First Lady Michelle Obama’s speech acknowledging “I wake up every morning in a house built by slaves” sparks backlash.
July 25, 1890
Marsh Cook, a white advocate for Black voting rights, is murdered in Jasper County, Mississippi, by white men who oppose his work. No one is arrested or prosecuted.
July 24, 1972
The Washington Star reports on Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, a U.S. Centers for Disease Control study conducted on poor Black Alabama sharecroppers.
July 23, 1910
White men in Montgomery, Alabama, avoids prosecution after killing Black taxi driver, Mitchell Johnson, who had him arrested for not paying his fare.