September 1, 1884

Superintendent denies Mamie Tape, a Chinese American child, admission to public school in San Francisco this week, saying Chinese Americans are “dangerous to the well-being of the state.”

August 31, 1907

Augustus Freeman “Gus” Hawkins was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was the first African American from California elected to congress and would serve for over half a century. He is known as the author oF Title VII (Equal Employment Section) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978 which he authored with Senator Herbert Humphrey of Minnesota.

August 29, 2005

Hurricane Katrina devastates the U.S. Gulf Coast; the subsequent disaster response is criticized for mistreating many severely impacted Black citizens.

August 28, 1955

Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam, white members of the Klu Klux Klan,abduct 14-year-old Emmett Till from his great-uncle’s cabin in Mississippi and murder him.

August 27, 1960

Segregationists wielding bats and axe handles attack civil rights activists staging a lunch counter sit-in in Jacksonville, Florida.

August 26, 1874

Mob of 400 masked men on horseback and armed with shotguns kidnaps 16 Black men from jail in Gibson County Tennessee, and lynches them.

August 25, 1956

Montgomery, Alabama, home of Robert Graetz, white minister of Trinity Lutheran Church and Montgomery Improvement Association board member, is bombed.

August 24, 1923

White men in Jacksonville, Florida, lynch Black farmhand Ben Hart for allegedly peeping into a white woman’s room; he is later exonerated.