Harvard University’s Civil Rights Project releases a study finding that schools were more segregated in 2000 than they were in the 1970s before desegregation efforts, including busing, began.
July 16, 1944
Irene Morgan, a Black woman, is arrested in Virginia for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on an interstate Greyhound bus.
July 15, 1954
U.S. Border Patrol begins “Operation Wetback,” in which agents deport more than one million people to Mexico and and stop “Mexican-looking” people on the street to demand identification.
July 14, 2014
Federal appeals court rules Texas must issue group license plate for Sons of Confederate Veterans thats features a Confederate flag; United States later reverses this decision.
July 13, 1863
Poor white laborers riot in New York City against Union draft that exempts African Americans and anyone else for $300 fee; rioters kill or injure 1000 people, most of them African Americans.
June 12, 2012
Report shows one out of every 13 voting-age African Americans is disenfranchised (four times more than the non-Black citizens); Florida, Kentucky, and Virginia bar over 20% of Black residents from voting.
June 11, 1929
White mobs threaten Black residents of North Platte, Nebraska, causing 200 people to flee their homes after a Black man is accused of killing a white police officer.
July 10, 1887
Investigation by a grand jury in Hinds County, Mississippi, finds that prisoners in the state’s convict leasing system are worked to death, kept in filthy conditions, and starved.
July 9, 2013
Center of Investigative Reporting breaks the story this week that the State of California improperly sterilized nearly 150 incarcerated women between 2006 and 2010.
July 8, 1860
A half century after Congress banned importation of enslaved people, Clotilda lands in Mobile, Alabama, as the last recorded ship carrying enslaved people to dock in the United States. Africans aboard later establish Africatown.